Vue中$nextTick的理解#

// Step 1
console.log(1);

// Step 2
setTimeout(() => {
  console.log(2);
  Promise.resolve().then(() => {
    console.log(3);
  });
}, 0);

// Step 3
new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  console.log(4);
  resolve();
}).then(() => {
  console.log(5);
})

// Step 4
setTimeout(() => {
  console.log(6);
}, 0);

// Step 5
console.log(7);

// Step N
// ...

// Result
/*
  1
  4
  7
  5
  2
  3
  6
*/

// 执行栈 console
// 微队列 []
// 宏队列 []
console.log(1); // 1

// 执行栈 setTimeout
// 微队列 []
// 宏队列 [setTimeout1]
setTimeout(() => {
  console.log(2);
  Promise.resolve().then(() => {
    console.log(3);
  });
}, 0);

// 执行栈 Promise
// 微队列 [then1]
// 宏队列 [setTimeout1]
new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  console.log(4); // 4 // Promise是个函数对象，此处是同步执行的 // 执行栈 Promise console
  resolve();
}).then(() => {
  console.log(5);
})

// 执行栈 setTimeout
// 微队列 [then1]
// 宏队列 [setTimeout1 setTimeout2]
setTimeout(() => {
  console.log(6);
}, 0);

// 执行栈 console
// 微队列 [then1]
// 宏队列 [setTimeout1 setTimeout2]
console.log(7); // 7

// 执行栈 then1
// 微队列 []
// 宏队列 [setTimeout1 setTimeout2]
console.log(5); // 5

// 执行栈 setTimeout1
// 微队列 [then2]
// 宏队列 [setTimeout2]
console.log(2); // 2
Promise.resolve().then(() => {
    console.log(3);
});

// 执行栈 then2
// 微队列 []
// 宏队列 [setTimeout2]
console.log(3); // 3

// 执行栈 setTimeout2
// 微队列 []
// 宏队列 []
console.log(6); // 6

/**
 * Defer a task to execute it asynchronously.
 */
var nextTick = (function () {
  // 闭包 内部变量
  var callbacks = []; // 执行队列
  var pending = false; // 标识，用以判断在某个事件循环中是否为第一次加入，第一次加入的时候才触发异步执行的队列挂载
  var timerFunc; // 以何种方法执行挂载异步执行队列，这里假设Promise是完全支持的

  function nextTickHandler () { // 异步挂载的执行任务，触发时就已经正式准备开始执行异步任务了
    pending = false; // 标识置false
    var copies = callbacks.slice(0); // 创建副本
    callbacks.length = 0; // 执行队列置空
    for (var i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) {
      copies[i](); // 执行
    }
  }

  // the nextTick behavior leverages the microtask queue, which can be accessed
  // via either native Promise.then or MutationObserver.
  // MutationObserver has wider support, however it is seriously bugged in
  // UIWebView in iOS >= 9.3.3 when triggered in touch event handlers. It
  // completely stops working after triggering a few times... so, if native
  // Promise is available, we will use it:
  /* istanbul ignore if */
  if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) {
    var p = Promise.resolve();
    var logError = function (err) { console.error(err); };
    timerFunc = function () {
      p.then(nextTickHandler).catch(logError); // 挂载异步任务队列
      // in problematic UIWebViews, Promise.then doesn't completely break, but
      // it can get stuck in a weird state where callbacks are pushed into the
      // microtask queue but the queue isn't being flushed, until the browser
      // needs to do some other work, e.g. handle a timer. Therefore we can
      // "force" the microtask queue to be flushed by adding an empty timer.
      if (isIOS) { setTimeout(noop); }
    };
  } else if (typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined' && (
    isNative(MutationObserver) ||
    // PhantomJS and iOS 7.x
    MutationObserver.toString() === '[object MutationObserverConstructor]'
  )) {
    // use MutationObserver where native Promise is not available,
    // e.g. PhantomJS IE11, iOS7, Android 4.4
    var counter = 1;
    var observer = new MutationObserver(nextTickHandler);
    var textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter));
    observer.observe(textNode, {
      characterData: true
    });
    timerFunc = function () {
      counter = (counter + 1) % 2;
      textNode.data = String(counter);
    };
  } else {
    // fallback to setTimeout
    /* istanbul ignore next */
    timerFunc = function () {
      setTimeout(nextTickHandler, 0);
    };
  }

  return function queueNextTick (cb, ctx) { // nextTick方法真正导出的方法
    var _resolve;
    callbacks.push(function () { // 添加到执行队列中 并加入异常处理
      if (cb) {
        try {
          cb.call(ctx);
        } catch (e) {
          handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick');
        }
      } else if (_resolve) {
        _resolve(ctx);
      }
    });
    //判断在当前事件循环中是否为第一次加入，若是第一次加入则置标识为true并执行timerFunc函数用以挂载执行队列到Promise
    // 这个标识在执行队列中的任务将要执行时便置为false并创建执行队列的副本去运行执行队列中的任务，参见nextTickHandler函数的实现
    // 在当前事件循环中置标识true并挂载，然后再次调用nextTick方法时只是将任务加入到执行队列中，直到挂载的异步任务触发，便置标识为false然后执行任务，再次调用nextTick方法时就是同样的执行方式然后不断如此往复
    if (!pending) { 
      pending = true;
      timerFunc();
    }
    if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') {
      return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
        _resolve = resolve;
      })
    }
  }
})();

var nextTick = (function(){

    var pending = false;
    const callback = [];
    var p = Promise.resolve();

    var handler = function(){
        pending = true;
        callback.forEach(fn => fn());
    }

    var timerFunc = function(){
        p.then(handler);
    }

    return function queueNextTick(fn){
        callback.push(() => fn());
        if(!pending){
            pending = true;
            timerFunc();
        }
    }

})();


(function(){
    nextTick(() => console.log("触发DOM渲染队列的方法")); // 注释 / 取消注释 来查看效果
    setTimeout(() => console.log(1))
    Promise.resolve().then(() => console.log(2))
    nextTick(() => {
        console.log(3)
    })
})();