od command

The od command reads the contents of the specified file and presents its contents as octal byte code.

Syntax

od [OPTION]... [FILE]...
od [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
od --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]

Parameters

  • -A, --address-radix=RADIX: Choose the radix for calculating byte addresses.
  • -j, --skip-bytes=BYTES: Skip the specified number of bytes.
  • -N, --read-bytes=BYTES: Read up to the specified number of bytes.
  • -S BYTES, --strings[=BYTES]: Print strings of at least BYTES graphical characters; default is 3 when BYTES is not specified.
  • -t, --format=TYPE: Use the specified output format.
  • -v, --output-duplicates: Do not omit duplicate data when printing.
  • -w[BYTES], --width[=BYTES]: Output up to BYTES bytes per line.
  • --help: Display this help and exit.
  • --version: Output version information and exit.

Format controls

  • -a: same as -t a, select named characters.
  • -b: same as -t o1, select octal bytes.
  • -c: same as -t c, select ASCII characters or backslash escapes.
  • -d: same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal 2 bytes.
  • -f: same as -t fF, select floating-point numbers.
  • -i: same as -t dI, select decimal integers.
  • -l: same as -t dL, select decimal long.
  • -o: same as -t o2, select octal 2 bytes.
  • -s: same as -t d2, select decimal 2 bytes.
  • -x: same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2 bytes.
  • d[SIZE]: signed decimal, each integer SIZE bytes wide.
  • f[SIZE]: floating point, each integer SIZE bytes wide.
  • o[SIZE]: octal, each integer SIZE bytes wide.
  • u[SIZE]: unsigned decimal, each integer SIZE bytes wide.
  • x[SIZE]: hexadecimal, each integer SIZE bytes wide.

Examples

Output the octal byte code of a file.

od /tmp/file.txt

Output using single-byte octal interpretation, with the default address format of eight bytes on the left.

od -c /tmp/file.txt

Output using ASCII code, including escape characters, with the default address format of eight bytes on the left.

od -t d1 /tmp/file.txt

Question of the Day

https://github.com/WindrunnerMax/EveryDay

References

https://www.howtoforge.com/linux-od-command/ https://www.runoob.com/linux/linux-comm-od.html https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix_commands/od.htm
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