XML
and JSON
can both be used to describe or store data, each with its own advantages. The choice of which to use depends on the specific requirements.
XML
, short for Extensible Markup Language
, is a language for marking up electronic documents to give them a structural representation. It can be used to mark data, define data types, and store data. XML
allows users to define their own markup language and provides a unified way to describe and exchange structured data independent of applications or vendors. It has evolved from the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML
) and HyperText Markup Language (HTML
), using Document Type Definition (DTD
) to organize data. XML
is platform and language agnostic, and the current standard version is XML 1.0
.
JSON
, or JavaScript Object Notation
, is a lightweight data interchange format and a subset of the ECMAScript
specification. It uses a highly compatible, completely language-independent text format to store and represent data, and the concise and clear hierarchical structure makes JSON
an ideal data exchange language. It is easy to read and write and is also easily interpreted and generated by machines, effectively enhancing network transmission efficiency.
In terms of readability, both JSON
and XML
are standard specifications and are relatively easy to read. They largely depend on the application scenario. For complete mapping of XML
to JSON
format, XML
is slightly more readable. However, for simple data description, their readability is comparable.
Both XML
and JSON
have good extensibility. There is nothing that XML
can extend while JSON
cannot, and vice versa.
Both XML
and JSON
have abundant encoding tools. However, even without tools, encoding the corresponding format in JSON
is relatively easy, while encoding in XML
without tools is more difficult.
XML
data format is more redundant than JSON
, generally XML
is more suitable for markup documents, while JSON
is more suitable for data exchange processing.
Both XML
and JSON
have abundant parsing tools. For XML
, there are two parsing methods: DOM
and SAX
. DOM
loads the entire XML
into memory for full parsing, while SAX
is a progressive parsing method that processes the content gradually without needing to load the entire XML
. SAX
is suitable for parsing large documents. JSON
only provides whole parsing solutions and works better for documents with smaller data volume.
For JSON
data format, many languages provide support in their standard libraries. One can directly call library functions for parsing. Particularly for front-end applications, JSON
is a subset of the ECMAScript
specification and integrates more conveniently with JavaScript
. It is widely used in front-end applications. On the other hand, parsing XML
data format generally requires third-party library support.